Relationship of serum sodium concentration to mortality in a wide spectrum of heart failure patients with preserved and with reduced ejection fraction: an individual patient data meta-analysis(†): Meta-Analysis Global Group in Chronic heart failure (MAGGIC).

Pubmed ID: 22782968

Journal: European journal of heart failure

Publication Date: Oct. 1, 2012

Affiliation: Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Amiens University Hospital, 80054 Amiens Cedex 1, France.

MeSH Terms: Humans, Male, Female, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Risk Factors, Middle Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, Heart Failure, Prognosis, Stroke Volume, Sodium, Hyponatremia

Authors: Ahmed A, McAlister FA, Thompson SG, Rich MW, Rich MW, Brett M, Wood DA, Doughty RN, Doughty RN, McMurray JJ, Poppe KK, Whalley GA, Whalley GA, Whalley GA, Ezekowitz J, Squire IB, Coats AJ, Andersson B, Martínez-Sellés M, Earle N, Tribouilloy C, Tribouilloy C, Swedberg K, Køber L, Køber L, Berry C, Berry C, Hall C, Richards AM, Richards AM, Troughton R, Lainchbury J, Hogg K, Norrie J, Stevenson K, Torp-Pedersen C, Lenzen MJ, Boersma E, Vantrimpont PJ, Follath F, Cleland J, Komajda M, Komajda M, Gotsman I, Zwas D, Planer D, Azaz-Livshits T, Admon D, Lotan C, Keren A, Grigorian-Shamagian L, Varela-Roman A, Varela-Roman A, Mazón-Ramos P, Rigeiro-Veloso P, Bandin-Dieguez MA, Gonzalez-Juanatey JR, Gonzalez-Juanatey JR, Gonzalez-Juanatey JR, Guazzi M, Guazzi M, Myers J, Arena R, Armstrong PW, Cujec B, Paterson I, Cowie MR, Suresh V, Poole-Wilson PA, Sutton GC, Robles JA, Prieto L, Muñoa MD, Frades E, Díaz-Castro O, Almendral J, Almendral J, Tarantini L, Faggiano P, Senni M, Lucci D, Bertoli D, Porcu M, Opasich C, Tavazzi L, Maggioni AP, Kirk V, Bay M, Parner J, Krogsgaard K, Herzog TM, Boesgaard S, Hassager C, Nielsen OW, Aldershvile J, Nielsen H, Macín SM, Perna ER, Alvarenga P, Pantich R, Ríos N, Farias EF, Badaracco JR, Madsen BK, Hansen JF, Stokholm KH, Brons J, Husum D, Mortensen LS, Bayes-Genis A, Vazquez R, Puig T, Fernandez-Palomeque C, Pascual-Figal D, Ordoñez-Llanos J, Valdes M, Gabarrus A, Pavon R, Pastor L, Fiol M, Nieto V, Macaya C, Cinca J, Newton JD, Blackledge HM, Wright SP, Kerzner R, Gage BF, Freedland KE, Freedland KE, Huynh BC, Rovner A, Carney RM, Taffet GE, Teasdale TA, Bleyer AJ, Kutka NJ, Luchi RJ, Rusinaru D, Rusinaru D, Mahjoub H, Soulière V, Lévy F, Peltier M, Tsutsui H, Tsuchihashi M, Takeshita A, Kearney MT, Cubbon R, Nolan J, Lee AJ, Prescott RJ, Shah AM, Brooksby WP, Fox KA, Basante P, Trillo R, Garcia-Seara J, Martinez-Sande JL, Gude F, Doughty R, Bardají A, Macin SM, Scholte WJ, Registry HF, Canella JP, de Luna A

Cite As: Rusinaru D, Tribouilloy C, Berry C, Richards AM, Whalley GA, Earle N, Poppe KK, Guazzi M, Macin SM, Komajda M, Doughty RN, MAGGIC Investigators. Relationship of serum sodium concentration to mortality in a wide spectrum of heart failure patients with preserved and with reduced ejection fraction: an individual patient data meta-analysis(†): Meta-Analysis Global Group in Chronic heart failure (MAGGIC). Eur J Heart Fail 2012 Oct;14(10):1139-46. Epub 2012 Jul 9.

Studies:

Abstract

AIMS: Hyponatraemia has been associated with reduced survival in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HF-REF). The relationship between serum sodium and outcome is unclear in heart failure with preserved (≥ 50%) ejection fraction (HF-PEF). Therefore, we used a large individual patient data meta-analysis to study the risk of death associated with hyponatraemia in HF-REF and in HF-PEF. METHODS AND RESULTS: This analysis included 14 766 patients from 22 studies that recruited patients without ejection fraction inclusion criterion at baseline and reported death from any cause. Cox proportional analysis was undertaken for hyponatraemia (sodium <135 mmol/L), adjusted for variables of clinical relevance, and stratified by study. The endpoint was death from any cause at 3 years. Patients with hyponatraemia (n = 1618) and patients with normal serum sodium had similar characteristics as regards to age, gender, and ischaemic aetiology. However, patients with hyponatraemia had higher New York Heart Association class and lower blood pressure. At follow-up, there were 335 deaths among 1618 patients with hyponatraemia (21%) and 2128 deaths among 13 148 patients with normal serum sodium (16%). The risk of death appeared to increase linearly with serum sodium levels <140 mmol/L. Hyponatraemia was identified in 1199 HF-REF patients (11%) and 419 HF-PEF patients (11%). Hyponatraemia was independently predictive of death in both HF-REF [adjusted hazard ratio (HR) 1.69, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.50-1.91] and HF-PEF (adjusted HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.10-1.79, P for interaction 0.20). CONCLUSION: Hyponatraemia is a powerful determinant of mortality in patients with HF regardless of ejection fraction. Further work is needed to determine if correction of hyponatraemia translates into clinical benefit.