AsthmaNet Individualized Therapy For Asthma in Toddlers (INFANT) and Acetaminophen Versus Ibuprofen in Children With Asthma (AVICA) - Catalog
AsthmaNet Individualized Therapy For Asthma in Toddlers (INFANT) and Acetaminophen Versus Ibuprofen in Children With Asthma (AVICA)
HLB02212022a
AsthmaNet-INFANT/AVICA
AN4
False
Asthma; asthma biomarkers; asthma phenotype; asthma treatment; inhaled corticosteroid; leukotriene receptor antagonist; personalized medicine; treatment response
Acetaminophen/adverse effects
Acetaminophen/therapeutic use
Asthma/chemically induced
Asthma/epidemiology
Child, Preschool
Double-Blind Method
Female
Fever/drug therapy
Humans
Ibuprofen/adverse effects
Ibuprofen/therapeutic use
Incidence
Infant
Kaplan-Meier Estimate
Male
Pain/drug therapy
Prospective Studies
True
True
Coded
False
Clinical Trial
Open BioLINCC Study
Pediatric
Drug: daily fluticasone propionate
Drug: Montelukast
Drug: as-needed fluticasone propionate
Drug: Acetaminophen
Drug: Ibuprofen
2020-03-18
2022-01-21
2020-03-18
2022-01-21
February 2013 – April 2015
DLD
Lung
non-HIV
non-COVID
None
None
No
No
No
No
Yes, For Some Specimens
No
Some subjects allow use of their specimens for genetic use
Asthma
Wheezing
The INFANT study aimed to determine whether individual young children with mild persistent asthma responded better to daily inhaled corticosteroids, daily leukotriene receptor antagonist, or as-needed inhaled corticosteroids and, if treatment response can be identified by phenotypic characteristics. The AVICA study compared the use of acetaminophen to the use of ibuprofen on asthma exacerbations among young children with mild persistent asthma.
Although asthma treatment guidelines have proved useful in care standardization and reduction of adverse outcomes, there is phenotypic heterogeneity within the disorder and a growing appreciation for personalized medicine. Young children are particularly diverse, yet, at the time of this trial, they were incompletely studied. Among young children who warrant treatment with daily inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), the response to ICS is inconsistent. This raises the question of whether daily therapy with ICS is warranted in all children. Therefore, INFANT characterized phenotypic heterogeneity in young children with mild persistent asthma and determined whether individual children responded better to daily ICS, daily leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA), or as-needed ICS co-administered with a short-acting bronchodilator.
Observational data from pediatric cohorts have suggested an association between acetaminophen use and asthma-related complications. However, at the time of the AVICA study appropriately designed randomized trials that prospectively evaluated the association between acetaminophen use by children and asthma symptoms were lacking. Given that both acetaminophen and ibuprofen are the only readily available agents for fever or pain in young children, the AVICA study sought to investigate whether the use of acetaminophen, compared to the use of ibuprofen, was associated with higher morbidity related to asthma among young children with mild persistent asthma.
The INFANT and AVICA linked studies were conducted in children 12 to 59 months of age at 18 sites in the United States. Children were eligible for study entry if they met guideline-based criteria for daily asthma controller medication (Step 2 treatment) and they reported ICS or LTRA receipt for >90 days during the preceding 6 months or ≥2 exacerbations requiring systemic corticosteroids in the preceding 12 months. Children not receiving current ICS or LTRA treatment were eligible if they reported ≥2 exacerbations requiring systemic corticosteroids in the preceding 6 months. Children were also eligible irrespective of current medication use if their caregivers reported daytime asthma symptoms >2 days per week (averaged over the preceding 4 weeks), nighttime awakening from asthma at least once over the previous 4 weeks, or ≥4 wheezing episodes, each lasting ≥24 hours, in the preceding 12 months.
300 children were simultaneously randomized to an INFANT study crossover sequence of treatments and an AVICA study antipyretic, analgesic medication. 230 children completed at least two study periods in the INFANT trial permitting assessment of differential response. In the AVICA study, 150 children were assigned to the acetaminophen treatment group and 150 children were assigned to the ibuprofen group. A total of 226 children completed the AVICA trial.
The INFANT study was a multicenter, randomized, double-blind clinical trial with the AVICA study as a parallel trial. A run-in period of 2-8 weeks was followed by randomization. Children were randomized in two processes: the first determined the crossover sequence of asthma therapy and the second determined the blinded antipyretic/analgesic medication to be used as needed for fever or pain throughout the 48 week duration of the crossover study, with stratification by clinical center. The three 16-week treatment periods of the INFANT study included: daily ICS (fluticasone propionate, two inhalations, 44 μg each, twice daily), daily LTRA (montelukast, 4 mg, once daily at bedtime), and as-needed ICS co-administered with a short-acting bronchodilator for symptom relief (fluticasone propionate, two inhalations, 44 μg each; albuterol sulfate, two inhalations, 90 μg each). The two antipyretic/analgesic medications used in AVICA were acetaminophen (160 mg per 5ml, administered every 6 hours as needed) and ibuprofen (100 mg per 5ml, administered every 6 hours as needed).
During the run-in period, eligible children received one oral medication and one inhaled medication for daily use, open-label albuterol sulfate and open-label prednisolone. The run-in duration was variable and based upon whether the child was currently receiving step 2 therapy or if the child qualified based on exacerbation history. Children were ineligible for randomization if any of the following were observed during the run-in period: completion of <75% of daily electronic diaries, an exacerbation requiring systemic corticosteroids, daily asthma symptoms if not receiving active therapy, or asthma symptoms >2 days per week if receiving active therapy.
For the INFANT trial, caregivers recorded symptoms, healthcare utilization and medication use in electronic diaries each day at bedtime. To account for transitioning from one treatment group to another, the data collected during the first two weeks of each period were not included in the analysis of asthma control days (ACDs). Days with missing diary data were also excluded from ACD determination. Treatment period failure was achieved if a child experienced two exacerbations, separated by at least one week, in a single 16-week treatment period. When two exacerbations occurred, the child was advanced to the next treatment period. Study failure was achieved if the participant: received four courses of prednisolone after randomization, was hospitalized >24 hours for an acute asthma exacerbation, or was moved forward to the next treatment period two times during the course of the study.
Phenotyping with aeroallergen sensitization and blood eosinophils was performed in the INFANT study. Peripheral blood eosinophil counts were determined from one aliquot of whole blood by an automated assay at each clinical site. Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), total serum immunoglobulin E (IgE) and specific IgE concentrations were quantified by a commercial laboratory. Specific IgE was performed for a nationally representative panel of inhalant aeroallergens. Aeroallergen test results were considered positive if values were ≥ 0.35 kU/L. Urinary leukotriene E4 (LTE4) concentrations were measured by mass spectrometry as previously described and were expressed per mg of creatinine.
For the AVICA trial, caregivers reported medication use at each assessment point. Diaries and questionnaires were used to track the timing and reasons for the use of the trial medication. Because acetaminophen and ibuprofen are widely available over the counter, open-label administration of these medications was assessed every 4 weeks.
The primary outcome for the INFANT trial was the differential response to three therapies on the basis of fixed threshold criteria for the following asthma control measures, which encompassed domains of risk and impairment: the time from the start of the treatment period to an asthma exacerbation treated with systemic corticosteroids, and the annualized number of ACDs from within that period. Children were defined as differential responders if the time to an asthma exacerbation was at least four weeks longer, or if the number of annualized ACDs was at least 31 days more for one treatment than another. The primary outcome for the AVICA trial was the number of asthma exacerbations per participant.
The INFANT study found clinically relevant improvements in response to one treatment versus others in the majority of young children with mild persistent asthma symptoms and recurrent wheezing episodes. This study also found that phenotyping can be used to predict the medication strategy associated with the best response.
Fitzpatrick AM, Jackson DJ, Mauger DT, et al. Individualized therapy for persistent asthma in young children. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2016;138(6):1608–1618.e12. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2016.09.028
The AVICA study found that as-needed use of acetaminophen resulted in no significant difference in the frequency of asthma exacerbations as compared to as-needed use of ibuprofen among young children with mild persistent asthma.
Sheehan WJ, Mauger DT, Paul IM, et al. Acetaminophen versus Ibuprofen in Young Children with Mild Persistent Asthma. N Engl J Med. 2016;375(7):619–630. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1515990
DNA
Plasma
The study population available in BioLINCC study data may be lower than total study enrollment due to Informed Consent restrictions and other factors.
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Subjects
INFANT: 300 Randomized (52 As-needed:daily:LTRA, 47 As-needed:LTRA:daily, 49 Daily:as-needed:LTRA, 50 Daily:LTRA:as-needed, 51 LTRA:as-needed:daily, 51 LTRA:daily:as-needed) and 103 failed screening
AVICA: 300 Randomized (150 acetominophen and 150 ibuprofen)
Last Modified: Jan. 31, 2022, 11:55 a.m. -
Age
Last Modified: Jan. 31, 2022, 11:56 a.m. -
Sex
As-needed : Daily : LTRA As-needed : LTRA : Daily Daily : As-needed : LTRA Daily : LTRA : As-needed LTRA : As-needed : Daily LTRA : Daily : As-needed All Male 34 24 29 30 32 30 179 Female 18 23 20 20 19 21 121
Last Modified: Jan. 31, 2022, 11:56 a.m. -
Race
As-needed : Daily : LTRA As-needed : LTRA : Daily Daily : As-needed : LTRA Daily : LTRA : As-needed LTRA : As-needed : Daily LTRA : Daily : As-needed All Black 23 22 19 15 23 16 118 White 16 14 20 16 16 23 105 Hispanic/Latino 6 5 10 13 8 8 50 Other 7 6 . 6 4 4 27
Last Modified: Jan. 31, 2022, 11:56 a.m.
Please note that biospecimen availability is subject to review by the NHLBI, BioLINCC, and the NHLBI Biorepository. Certain biospecimens may not be made available for your request. Section 3 of the BioLINCC handbook describes the components of the review process
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Material Types
Plasma
DNA
Last Modified: Jan. 31, 2022, 11:55 a.m. -
General Freeze/Thaw Status
All Plasma samples have never been thawed
66% of DNA samples have never been thawed. The remaining 33% of DNA samples have been thawed 3-4 times.
Last Modified: Jan. 31, 2022, 11:55 a.m. -
Visits (Vials)
Last Modified: Feb. 1, 2022, 11:38 a.m. -
Visits (Subjects)
Plasma Total number of subjects Average volume (ml) per subject Visit 2 180 2.62 Visit 3 16 2.18 Visit 4 4 2.23 Visit 5 1 3.90 Visit 6 1 2.90 DNA Total number of subjects Average mass (µg) per subject Average vials per subject Visit 2 167 35.17 3.00 Visit 3 15 30.92 3.00 Visit 4 3 29.92 3.00 Visit 5 1 64.96 3.00
Last Modified: Feb. 1, 2022, 11:38 a.m.