AsthmaNet Best African American Response to Asthma Drugs (BARD)

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Accession Number
HLB02152020a

Study Type
Clinical Trial

Collection Type
Open BioLINCC Study See bottom of this webpage for request information

Study Period
February 2014 – July 2017

NHLBI Division
DLD

Dataset(s) Last Updated
January 27, 2020

Consent

Commercial Use Data Restrictions No

Data Restrictions Based On Area Of Research No

Commercial Use Specimen Restrictions No

Non-Genetic Use Specimen Restrictions Based On Area Of Use No

Genetic Use Of Specimens Allowed? Yes, For Some Specimens

Genetic Use Area Of Research Restrictions No

Specific Consent Restrictions
Some subjects allow use of their specimens for genetic use

Objectives

To assess whether patients of African American heritage with inadequately controlled asthma benefit from the addition of a long-acting beta-agonist and/or increased glucocorticoids dosage, and whether the response varies for children vs. adolescents and adults.

Background

Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated that African American patients with asthma experience more complications including exacerbations, asthma-related urgent-care visits, hospitalizations, and deaths, as compared to Caucasian patients with asthma. Ethnicity can also influence medication response, and studies have shown that African Americans patients have more glucocorticoid resistance, less cellular sensitivity to glucocorticoids, and more eosinophilic inflammation during inhaled glucocorticoid treatment than Caucasian patients. This may be due to the effect of genetic variants on response to pharmacotherapy for asthma.

Asthma symptoms are primarily controlled with inhaled glucocorticoids, but a longacting β2-adrenergic receptor agonist (LABA) may be used as an additional treatment when glucocorticoids alone do not sufficiently suppress symptoms. However, prior to the BARD study, this recommendation was based on studies with limited numbers of African American patients and without evaluation of differences in genetic ancestry. In particular, additional analysis has indicated that adding a LABA was not superior to increasing the dose of an inhaled glucocorticoid in African American patients. Therefore, the BARD trials were initiated to address this gap in scientific understanding and determine a preferred pharmacotherapy strategy in African American children, adolescents, and adults.

Participants

Eligible participants were recruited from nine AsthmaNet sites and consisted of asthma patients at least five years of age that had at least one African American grandparent. Participants were required to have a baseline forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) of at least 40% of the predicted value after bronchodilator use (four 90 μg puffs of albuterol) and a diagnosis of asthma, as confirmed by beta-agonist reversibility, a methacholine provocation concentration causing a 20% decrease in the FEV1 of 16 mg per milliliter or less, or an absolute difference in the percentage of the predicted FEV1 of at least 12 percentage points over two measurements documented within the previous year. The asthma must also be inadequately controlled (CT/c-ACT score <20) while on a low-dose inhaled glucocorticoid.

A total of 280 children and 294 adolescents and adults were enrolled and underwent randomization.

Design

BARD consisted of two prospective, randomized, double-blind trials. One trial involved children 5 to 11 years of age with four treatment groups: doubling the dose of an inhaled glucocorticoid (fluticasone propionate) to 100 μg twice daily; doubling the dose of fluticasone to 100 μg and adding a LABA (salmeterol) at a dose of 50 μg; quintupling the dose of fluticasone to 250 μg; or quintupling the dose of fluticasone to 250 μg and adding 50 μg of salmeterol. The other trial involved adolescents and adults 12 years of age or older with four treatment groups: adding twice-daily salmeterol at a dose of 50 μg to baseline twice-daily administration of fluticasone propionate at a dose of 100 μg; increasing the dose of fluticasone by a factor of 2.5 to 250 μg; quintupling the dose of fluticasone to 500 μg; or increasing the dose of fluticasone by a factor of 2.5 to 250 μg and adding 50 μg of salmeterol. The first step-up regimen differed between trials due to the lack of a low-dose inhaled glucocorticoid–LABA medication for children. The trials were otherwise identical in design and step-up dosing strategies.

The run-in period consisted of treatment up to 10 weeks with an open-label low-dose inhaled glucocorticoid (50 μg of fluticasone propionate twice daily in children and 100 μg twice daily in adolescents and adults) in order to assess whether patients had inadequately controlled asthma prior to randomization. Eligible patients were then randomly assigned to the step-up treatment sequences, each lasting 14 weeks, in a four-way crossover design with add-on LABA, different strengths of increased doses of inhaled glucocorticoid, or an increased dose of inhaled glucocorticoid with LABA in dry-powder. The initial 2 weeks of each period were considered to be a washout period for the previous treatment and a wash-in period for the new regimen.

The primary clinical outcome of each trial was a hierarchical composite measure that sequentially evaluated asthma exacerbations, asthma-control days, and lung function (percentage of the predicted FEV1) at the end of the 14-week treatment regimens to determine a differential response.

Conclusions

In African American adolescents and adults with poorly controlled asthma, the addition of a LABA to inhaled glucocorticoid was more likely to produce superior responses than increasing the dose of an inhaled glucocorticoid. In contrast, almost half of the African American children with poorly controlled asthma had a superior response to an increase in the dose of an inhaled glucocorticoid and almost half had a superior response to the addition of a LABA.

Wechsler ME, Szefler SJ, Ortega VE, et al. Step-Up Therapy in Black Children and Adults with Poorly Controlled Asthma. N Engl J Med. 2019 Sep 26;381(13):1227-1239. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1905560.

Additional Details

Subjects:
493
Age:
Created: 07/28/2023
  Subjects
< 18 294
18-24 17
25-29 23
30-34 25
35-39 20
40-44 24
45-49 25
50-54 24
55-59 27
60-64 11
65-69 3
Total Subjects 493
Sex:
Created: 07/28/2023
  Subjects
Male 222
Female 271
Total Subjects 493
Race:
Created: 07/28/2023
  Subjects
Black 472
Other 21
Total Subjects 493

Please note that biospecimen availability is subject to review by the NHLBI, BioLINCC, and the NHLBI Biorepository. Certain biospecimens may not be made available for your request. Section 3 of the BioLINCC handbook describes the components of the review process

Material Types:
Plasma, DNA, RNA, Sputum
General Freeze/Thaw Status:
Created: 07/28/2023
  Number of Freeze/Thaws
0 1 2
Visit Material Type 2,251 . .
Randomization Plasma
DNA 1,155 2,264 34
RNA 574 . .
Sputum 2,685 . .
Week 2 Plasma 94 . .
DNA 45 109 9
Week 8 Plasma 10 . .
DNA 7 6 5
Week 14 Plasma 7 . .
DNA 6 . 5
Week 22 Plasma 10 . .
DNA 6 12 .
Week 42 Plasma 1 . .
DNA 1 6 .
Visits (Vials):
Created: 07/28/2023
  Plasma DNA RNA Sputum Total
Randomization 2,251 3,453 574 2,685 8,963
Week 2 94 163 0 0 257
Week 8 10 18 0 0 28
Week 14 7 11 0 0 18
Week 22 10 18 0 0 28
Week 42 1 7 0 0 8

 
Visits (Subjects):
Created: 07/28/2023
  Plasma
Total number of subjects Average volume (mL) per subject
Randomization 457 7.29
Week 2 24 5.59
Week 8 2 7.70
Week 14 1 11.10
Week 22 2 7.60
Week 42 1 1.80
 
  DNA
Total number of subjects Average mass (ug) per subject
Randomization 388 412.77
Week 2 21 321.56
Week 8 2 330.62
Week 14 1 753.94
Week 22 2 367.39
Week 42 1 102.85
 
  RNA
Total number of subjects Average volume (mL) per subject
Randomization 88 4.70
 
  Sputum
Total number of subjects Average volume (mL) per subject
Randomization 215 10.04

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Resources Available

Specimens and Study Datasets

Materials Available

Study Documents

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