Long-term effects of intensive glucose lowering on cardiovascular outcomes.
Pubmed ID: 21366473
Pubmed Central ID: PMC4083508
Journal: The New England journal of medicine
Publication Date: March 3, 2011
MeSH Terms: Humans, Male, Adult, Female, Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Middle Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, Treatment Outcome, Follow-Up Studies, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Stroke, Myocardial Infarction, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Hypoglycemic Agents, Glycated Hemoglobin
Grants: N01HC95184, Y01 HC001010, N01-HC-95180, Y01 HC009035, N01-HC-95184, N01HC95181, N01-HC-95182, N01HC95179, N01-HC-95183, N01-HC-95178, N01HC95182, N01HC95180, N01-HC-95179, N01-HC-95181, N01HC95178, N01HC95183, Y1-HC-9035, N01 HC095178, Y1-HC-1010
Authors: Gerstein HC, Miller ME, Genuth S, Ismail-Beigi F, Buse JB, Goff DC, Probstfield JL, Cushman WC, Ginsberg HN, Bigger JT, Grimm RH, Byington RP, Rosenberg YD, Friedewald WT, Gotto AM, Bailey K, Gohdes D, Haffner S, Hiss R, Jamerson K, Lee K, Nathan D, Sowers J, Walters L, Friedewald WT, Buse JB, Bigger JT, Byington RP, Cushman WC, Ismail-Beigi F, Gerstein HC, Ginsberg HN, Goff DC, Grimm RH, Probstfield JL, Simons-Morton DG, Gerstein HC, Yusuf S, Punthakee Z, Russo R, Anand S, Chrysler K, Cracknell B, Cukierman-Yaffe T, Gafni A, Guyatt G, Hall S, Kaszyca J, Lonn E, Mackie P, Reiding V, Shehadeh N, Tadeson B, Thompson K, Vallis M, Vasudeva V, Wilderman I, Wright D, Punthakee Z, Smith A, Stanton I, Capes S, Manjoo P, Valla T, Danby S, Harper W, Harvey P, Hunt D, Moroso A, Otto R, Prebtani A, Punthakee Z, Davis A, Capes S, Hill KL, McCarthy V, Edwards AL, Mitchell DJ, Clearwaters MA, Dielissen C, Gillam M, Hammond B, Jensen H, Kherani A, Lau D, Pringle V, Rabi D, Sigal R, Smith C, Walker M, Williams G, Joyce C, Parsons M, Rowe B, Burton J, Chandurkar V, CoadyMcDonald S, Gibbons D, Kovacs C, Murphy B, Smart R, Varghese S, Mereu L, Ryan E, Senior P, Kirkland P, Abe J, Dalton K, Gendall W, Germsheid J, Hartmann D, Jeffrys A, Kumar U, MacDonald C, Makhani N, Mawani S, Morales F, Paty B, Pick M, Schwanke B, Stark A, Tennant M, Varma S, Weiss-Aburto D, WerbiskiWood P, Woloschuk B, Zimmerman W, Bélanger A, Gauthier S, Bahsali G, Barbeau C, Caponi E, Duchesne R, Dumas R, Gauthier P, Girouard J, Kandalaft N, Labbé M, Palardy J, Pilon M, Raymond J, Schiffrin A, Hramiak I, Tereschyn S, Driscoll M, Gehring M, Gonder J, Lincoln C, McBeth W, McDonald C, McDonald T, Pauli P, Paul T, Powers S, Ronald N, Trinh V, Vancer L, Walsh G, Lochnan H, Ooi TC, Maranger J, Bradley L, Buhrmann R, Cyr M, Gilchrist C, Hanlon B, Harley M, Jay K, Leech T, Malcolm J, McLean M, Parker E, Sigal R, Sullivan K, Yale JF, Segal SA, Al Ansari G, Renouf N, Allaire N, Alawadhi MA, Belfer B, Blank DW, Bouchard F, BuoyPhang S, Carter J, Coppin L, Dalpe D, Delpech I, Doran PM, Emmian F, Fortin S, Garfield N, Gosselin M, Horan S, Kalergis M, Koutelias S, Légaré C, Lombardo A, Morais JA, Quigley M, Renouf N, Riopel C, Riopel S, Rivera JA, Rochon G, Roy M, Salera M, Sherman MH, Shingler M, Staples HE, Ulyatt L, Yared Z, Leiter LA, Booth G, Sparrow L, Choi H, Bedard DC, Berger A, Berndl LA, Cheng A, Evalmplev V, Goguen J, Hanna A, Josse RG, Kalas JA, Perry S, Pike M, Elliott T, Dawson K, Kong J, Albiani D, Inducil M, Al Amoudi R, Broughton T, Hall L, Harrison B, Hirvi N, Lee R, Merkur A, Norman E, Paty B, Potter M, Stevenson D, Vafadaran A, Woo V, Berard L, Anderlic T, Austman K, Bernard A, Catte D, Darvill P, Hak D, Hutchison K, Janzen L, Klopak T, Mandock C, Mathen M, Mawani S, Mawani A, Murphy L, Nyomba G, Penner B, Pockett S, Russell S, Stockl F, Studney J, Sukkau R, Abbott C, Ur E, Yuille M, Archibald M, Clayton D, Cruess A, Davis N, Fong H, Frizzell S, Hanway B, Hoskin-Mott A, Imran 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Cite As: ACCORD Study Group, Gerstein HC, Miller ME, Genuth S, Ismail-Beigi F, Buse JB, Goff DC Jr, Probstfield JL, Cushman WC, Ginsberg HN, Bigger JT, Grimm RH Jr, Byington RP, Rosenberg YD, Friedewald WT. Long-term effects of intensive glucose lowering on cardiovascular outcomes. N Engl J Med 2011 Mar 3;364(9):818-28.
Studies:
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Intensive glucose lowering has previously been shown to increase mortality among persons with advanced type 2 diabetes and a high risk of cardiovascular disease. This report describes the 5-year outcomes of a mean of 3.7 years of intensive glucose lowering on mortality and key cardiovascular events. METHODS: We randomly assigned participants with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease or additional cardiovascular risk factors to receive intensive therapy (targeting a glycated hemoglobin level below 6.0%) or standard therapy (targeting a level of 7 to 7.9%). After termination of the intensive therapy, due to higher mortality in the intensive-therapy group, the target glycated hemoglobin level was 7 to 7.9% for all participants, who were followed until the planned end of the trial. RESULTS: Before the intensive therapy was terminated, the intensive-therapy group did not differ significantly from the standard-therapy group in the rate of the primary outcome (a composite of nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal stroke, or death from cardiovascular causes) (P=0.13) but had more deaths from any cause (primarily cardiovascular) (hazard ratio, 1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02 to 1.44) and fewer nonfatal myocardial infarctions (hazard ratio, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.66 to 0.95). These trends persisted during the entire follow-up period (hazard ratio for death, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.03 to 1.38; and hazard ratio for nonfatal myocardial infarction, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.70 to 0.96). After the intensive intervention was terminated, the median glycated hemoglobin level in the intensive-therapy group rose from 6.4% to 7.2%, and the use of glucose-lowering medications and rates of severe hypoglycemia and other adverse events were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: As compared with standard therapy, the use of intensive therapy for 3.7 years to target a glycated hemoglobin level below 6% reduced 5-year nonfatal myocardial infarctions but increased 5-year mortality. Such a strategy cannot be recommended for high-risk patients with advanced type 2 diabetes. (Funded by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00000620.).