Associations between exploratory dietary patterns and incident type 2 diabetes: a federated meta-analysis of individual participant data from 25 cohort studies.

Pubmed ID: 35641800

Pubmed Central ID: PMC9464116

Journal: European journal of nutrition

Publication Date: Oct. 1, 2022

MeSH Terms: Humans, Risk Factors, Cohort Studies, Diet, Prospective Studies, Incidence, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

Grants: MC_UU_00006/1, MR/S011676/1, MC_UU_00006/3, MR/R024227/1, U01 CA164973

Authors: Soedamah-Muthu SS, Kivimaki M, Shaw JE, Vollenweider P, Wareham NJ, Forouhi NG, Schulze MB, Luft VC, Pearce M, Kim Y, Magliano DJ, Le Marchand L, Kim J, Stern D, Lajous M, Fanidi A, Bishop TRP, Dietrich S, Akbaraly T, Bes-Rastrollo M, Byberg L, Hashemian M, Kim MK, Malekzadeh R, Marques-Vidal P, Martínez-González MÁ, O'Donoghue G, O'Gorman D, Wolk A, Poustchi H, Jannasch F, de Matos SMA, Maskarinec G

Cite As: Jannasch F, Dietrich S, Bishop TRP, Pearce M, Fanidi A, O'Donoghue G, O'Gorman D, Marques-Vidal P, Vollenweider P, Bes-Rastrollo M, Byberg L, Wolk A, Hashemian M, Malekzadeh R, Poustchi H, Luft VC, de Matos SMA, Kim J, Kim MK, Kim Y, Stern D, Lajous M, Magliano DJ, Shaw JE, Akbaraly T, Kivimaki M, Maskarinec G, Le Marchand L, Martínez-González MÁ, Soedamah-Muthu SS, EPIC-InterAct Consortium, Wareham NJ, Forouhi NG, Schulze MB. Associations between exploratory dietary patterns and incident type 2 diabetes: a federated meta-analysis of individual participant data from 25 cohort studies. Eur J Nutr 2022 Oct;61(7):3649-3667. Epub 2022 Jun 1.

Studies:

Abstract

PURPOSE: In several studies, exploratory dietary patterns (DP), derived by principal component analysis, were inversely or positively associated with incident type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, findings remained study-specific, inconsistent and rarely replicated. This study aimed to investigate the associations between DPs and T2D in multiple cohorts across the world. METHODS: This federated meta-analysis of individual participant data was based on 25 prospective cohort studies from 5 continents including a total of 390,664 participants with a follow-up for T2D (3.8-25.0 years). After data harmonization across cohorts we evaluated 15 previously identified T2D-related DPs for association with incident T2D estimating pooled incidence rate ratios (IRR) and confidence intervals (CI) by Piecewise Poisson regression and random-effects meta-analysis. RESULTS: 29,386 participants developed T2D during follow-up. Five DPs, characterized by higher intake of red meat, processed meat, French fries and refined grains, were associated with higher incidence of T2D. The strongest association was observed for a DP comprising these food groups besides others (IRR<sub>pooled</sub> per 1 SD = 1.104, 95% CI 1.059-1.151). Although heterogeneity was present (I<sup>2</sup> = 85%), IRR exceeded 1 in 18 of the 20 meta-analyzed studies. Original DPs associated with lower T2D risk were not confirmed. Instead, a healthy DP (HDP1) was associated with higher T2D risk (IRR<sub>pooled</sub> per 1 SD = 1.057, 95% CI 1.027-1.088). CONCLUSION: Our findings from various cohorts revealed positive associations for several DPs, characterized by higher intake of red meat, processed meat, French fries and refined grains, adding to the evidence-base that links DPs to higher T2D risk. However, no inverse DP-T2D associations were confirmed.