Consumption of meat is associated with higher fasting glucose and insulin concentrations regardless of glucose and insulin genetic risk scores: a meta-analysis of 50,345 Caucasians.

Pubmed ID: 26354543

Pubmed Central ID: PMC4625584

Journal: The American journal of clinical nutrition

Publication Date: Nov. 1, 2015

MeSH Terms: Humans, Risk Factors, Cohort Studies, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Middle Aged, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Genome-Wide Association Study, Insulin Resistance, Blood Glucose, Hyperglycemia, Meat, Hyperinsulinism, Insulin, Genetic Association Studies, Insulin-Secreting Cells, Meat Products, Insulin Secretion

Grants: P30 DK079626, UL1 TR000124, P30 DK063491, R01 HL105756, R01HL105756, R01 HL120393, R01 DK078616, T32HL007902, U01 DK078616, 5KL2TR000421-08, KL2 TR000421, R01 HL117078, K08 HL112845, R01 HL091357, U01 HL072524, K24 DK080140, UL1 TR002319

Authors: Pankow JS, Franco OH, Hu FB, Hofman A, Siscovick DS, Psaty BM, Deloukas P, Franks PW, Uitterlinden AG, Rotter JI, Cupples LA, North KE, Fretts AM, Follis JL, Nettleton JA, Lemaitre RN, Ngwa JS, Wojczynski MK, Kalafati IP, Varga TV, Frazier-Wood AC, Houston DK, Lahti J, Ericson U, van den Hooven EH, Mikkilä V, Kiefte-de Jong JC, Mozaffarian D, Rice K, Renström F, McKeown NM, Feitosa MF, Kanoni S, Smith CE, Garcia ME, Tiainen AM, Sonestedt E, Manichaikul A, van Rooij FJ, Dimitriou M, Raitakari O, Djoussé L, Province MA, Lai CQ, Keller MF, Perälä MM, Graff M, Kähönen M, Mukamal K, Johansson I, Ordovas JM, Liu Y, Männistö S, Seppälä I, Borecki IB, Arnett DK, Nalls MA, Eriksson JG, Orho-Melander M, Lehtimäki T, Dedoussis GV, Meigs JB

Cite As: Fretts AM, Follis JL, Nettleton JA, Lemaitre RN, Ngwa JS, Wojczynski MK, Kalafati IP, Varga TV, Frazier-Wood AC, Houston DK, Lahti J, Ericson U, van den Hooven EH, Mikkilä V, Kiefte-de Jong JC, Mozaffarian D, Rice K, Renström F, North KE, McKeown NM, Feitosa MF, Kanoni S, Smith CE, Garcia ME, Tiainen AM, Sonestedt E, Manichaikul A, van Rooij FJ, Dimitriou M, Raitakari O, Pankow JS, Djoussé L, Province MA, Hu FB, Lai CQ, Keller MF, Perälä MM, Rotter JI, Hofman A, Graff M, Kähönen M, Mukamal K, Johansson I, Ordovas JM, Liu Y, Männistö S, Uitterlinden AG, Deloukas P, Seppälä I, Psaty BM, Cupples LA, Borecki IB, Franks PW, Arnett DK, Nalls MA, Eriksson JG, Orho-Melander M, Franco OH, Lehtimäki T, Dedoussis GV, Meigs JB, Siscovick DS. Consumption of meat is associated with higher fasting glucose and insulin concentrations regardless of glucose and insulin genetic risk scores: a meta-analysis of 50,345 Caucasians. Am J Clin Nutr 2015 Nov;102(5):1266-78. Epub 2015 Sep 9.

Studies:

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Recent studies suggest that meat intake is associated with diabetes-related phenotypes. However, whether the associations of meat intake and glucose and insulin homeostasis are modified by genes related to glucose and insulin is unknown. OBJECTIVE: We investigated the associations of meat intake and the interaction of meat with genotype on fasting glucose and insulin concentrations in Caucasians free of diabetes mellitus. DESIGN: Fourteen studies that are part of the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology consortium participated in the analysis. Data were provided for up to 50,345 participants. Using linear regression within studies and a fixed-effects meta-analysis across studies, we examined 1) the associations of processed meat and unprocessed red meat intake with fasting glucose and insulin concentrations; and 2) the interactions of processed meat and unprocessed red meat with genetic risk score related to fasting glucose or insulin resistance on fasting glucose and insulin concentrations. RESULTS: Processed meat was associated with higher fasting glucose, and unprocessed red meat was associated with both higher fasting glucose and fasting insulin concentrations after adjustment for potential confounders [not including body mass index (BMI)]. For every additional 50-g serving of processed meat per day, fasting glucose was 0.021 mmol/L (95% CI: 0.011, 0.030 mmol/L) higher. Every additional 100-g serving of unprocessed red meat per day was associated with a 0.037-mmol/L (95% CI: 0.023, 0.051-mmol/L) higher fasting glucose concentration and a 0.049-ln-pmol/L (95% CI: 0.035, 0.063-ln-pmol/L) higher fasting insulin concentration. After additional adjustment for BMI, observed associations were attenuated and no longer statistically significant. The association of processed meat and fasting insulin did not reach statistical significance after correction for multiple comparisons. Observed associations were not modified by genetic loci known to influence fasting glucose or insulin resistance. CONCLUSION: The association of higher fasting glucose and insulin concentrations with meat consumption was not modified by an index of glucose- and insulin-related single-nucleotide polymorphisms. Six of the participating studies are registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT0000513 (Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities), NCT00149435 (Cardiovascular Health Study), NCT00005136 (Family Heart Study), NCT00005121 (Framingham Heart Study), NCT00083369 (Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network), and NCT00005487 (Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis).