Factors influencing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission by blood transfusion. Transfusion Safety Study Group.

Pubmed ID: 8656010

Journal: The Journal of infectious diseases

Publication Date: July 1, 1996

Affiliation: Irwin Memorial Blood Centers, University of California, San Francisco, USA.

MeSH Terms: Humans, Male, Adult, Female, HIV-1, RNA, Viral, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Risk Factors, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, Adolescent, Logistic Models, Middle Aged, Blood Donors, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Child, Retrospective Studies, Child, Preschool, Infant, RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase, Transfusion Reaction

Grants: HB-4-7002, HB-4-7003, HB-9-7074

Authors: Busch MP, Operskalski EA, Mosley JW, Lee TH, Huang W, Stram DO, Harris M, Henrard D, Herman S, Sachs DH

Cite As: Busch MP, Operskalski EA, Mosley JW, Lee TH, Henrard D, Herman S, Sachs DH, Harris M, Huang W, Stram DO. Factors influencing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmission by blood transfusion. Transfusion Safety Study Group. J Infect Dis 1996 Jul;174(1):26-33.

Studies:

Abstract

One hundred thirty-two recipients of blood components that retrospectively tested positive for antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (anti-HIV-1) were identified. Fourteen (11%) remained seronegative throughout follow-up. Donor and recipient characteristics that could have influenced transmission were examined. Attributes did not differ for infected and uninfected recipients. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from uninfected recipients were HIV-1-negative by DNA amplification and culture but were susceptible to in vitro infection. Transmitting and nontransmitting donors at donation differed only for HIV-1 RNA positivity. By immunocapture reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, 6 of 11 transmitters and 0 of 11 nontransmitters tested RNA-positive (P = .02). A more sensitive quantitative RNA assay detected RNA in all donation sera, but median levels were higher in transmitting than nontransmitting sera (P = .01). Median CD4 cell counts were lower for transmitting than nontransmitting donors at enrollment (P = .02). Level of viremia is an important determinant of HIV infection by blood transfusion.