Abstract

BACKGROUND: Nonobstructive coronary artery disease (NOCAD) is commonly found on coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) during evaluation for coronary artery disease (CAD). There are no guidelines for the medical management of NOCAD, and practice is variable. We aimed to compare patterns of preventive medication use and continuation after identifying NOCAD vs normal coronaries or obstructive CAD on CCTA. METHODS: We analyzed data from the <b>Pro</b>spective <b>M</b>ulticenter <b>I</b>maging <b>S</b>tudy for <b>E</b>valuation of Chest Pain (PROMISE) trial dataset, restricted to patients with ≥2 follow-up visits after CCTA. We categorized patients as having either obstructive CAD, NOCAD, or normal coronaries. The primary outcome was the proportion of patients reporting continued use of combination preventive medications, defined as a statin, an antithrombotic, and a renin-angiotensin system blocker throughout follow-up after CCTA. Secondary outcomes included the proportion of visits reporting combination therapy and individual medications. RESULTS: We included 4388 patients, with a mean follow-up of 2.3 years. Most patients had NOCAD (48.6%), with normal coronaries in 38.9%, and obstructive CAD in 10.1%. Among NOCAD patients, the mean age was 61 years, and 47.2% were women. A total of 9.1% of NOCAD patients continued combination therapy, vs 12.4% with obstructive CAD, and 3.3% with normal coronaries (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001), primarily due to lower use of statins and antithrombotic agents. Similarly, patients with obstructive CAD, NOCAD, and normal coronaries reported using combination therapy during a mean of 35%, 24%, and 9% of visits, respectively (<i>P</i> &lt; 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Few patients with NOCAD identified by CCTA used or continued combination preventive cardiovascular medications. Patients with NOCAD represent an at-risk population with potential for optimization of preventive medications.