Heterogeneity of Associations between Total and Types of Fish Intake and the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes: Federated Meta-Analysis of 28 Prospective Studies Including 956,122 Participants.

Pubmed ID: 33917229

Pubmed Central ID: PMC8068031

Journal: Nutrients

Publication Date: April 7, 2021

MeSH Terms: Humans, Male, Female, Confidence Intervals, Prospective Studies, Incidence, Animals, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Feeding Behavior, Fishes

Grants: MC_U137686851, MC_UU_00006/1, 212946/Z/18/Z, 29186, MC_UU_12026/2, MC_UU_00017/1, MC_UU_00006/3, 602068

Authors: Chen Z, Kromhout D, Soedamah-Muthu SS, Kivimaki M, Shaw JE, Wareham NJ, Sharp SJ, Forouhi NG, Duncan BB, Pearce M, Magliano DJ, Zheng W, Knekt P, Lin X, Schmidt M, Akbaraly T, Bes-Rastrollo M, Beulens JWJ, Du H, Härkänen T, Hashemian M, Malekzadeh R, Martínez-González MÁ, O'Donoghue G, O'Gorman D, Wolk A, Pastorino S, Bishop T, Barbieri NB, Goto A, Järvinen R, Lund E, Poustchi H, Rylander C, Sawada N, Sun L, Wen W, Shu XO

Cite As: Pastorino S, Bishop T, Sharp SJ, Pearce M, Akbaraly T, Barbieri NB, Bes-Rastrollo M, Beulens JWJ, Chen Z, Du H, Duncan BB, Goto A, Härkänen T, Hashemian M, Kromhout D, Järvinen R, Kivimaki M, Knekt P, Lin X, Lund E, Magliano DJ, Malekzadeh R, Martínez-González MÁ, O'Donoghue G, O'Gorman D, Poustchi H, Rylander C, Sawada N, Shaw JE, Schmidt M, Soedamah-Muthu SS, Sun L, Wen W, Wolk A, Shu XO, Zheng W, Wareham NJ, Forouhi NG. Heterogeneity of Associations between Total and Types of Fish Intake and the Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes: Federated Meta-Analysis of 28 Prospective Studies Including 956,122 Participants. Nutrients 2021 Apr 7;13. (4).

Studies:

Abstract

The association between fish consumption and new-onset type 2 diabetes is inconsistent and differs according to geographical location. We examined the association between the total and types of fish consumption and type 2 diabetes using individual participant data from 28 prospective cohort studies from the Americas (6), Europe (15), the Western Pacific (6), and the Eastern Mediterranean (1) comprising 956,122 participants and 48,084 cases of incident type 2 diabetes. Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) for associations of total fish, shellfish, fatty, lean, fried, freshwater, and saltwater fish intake and type 2 diabetes were derived for each study, adjusting for a consistent set of confounders and combined across studies using random-effects meta-analysis. We stratified all analyses by sex due to observed interaction (<i>p</i> = 0.002) on the association between fish and type 2 diabetes. In women, for each 100 g/week higher intake the IRRs (95% CIs) of type 2 diabetes were 1.02 (1.01-1.03, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 61%) for total fish, 1.04 (1.01-1.07, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 46%) for fatty fish, and 1.02 (1.00-1.04, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 33%) for lean fish. In men, all associations were null. In women, we observed variation by geographical location: IRRs for total fish were 1.03 (1.02-1.04, <i>I</i><sup>2</sup> = 0%) in the Americas and null in other regions. In conclusion, we found evidence of a neutral association between total fish intake and type 2 diabetes in men, but there was a modest positive association among women with heterogeneity across studies, which was partly explained by geographical location and types of fish intake. Future research should investigate the role of cooking methods, accompanying foods and environmental pollutants, but meanwhile, existing dietary regional, national, or international guidelines should continue to guide fish consumption within overall healthy dietary patterns.