Factors Associated With Change in 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels Over Longitudinal Follow-Up in the ARIC Study.

Pubmed ID: 26509869

Pubmed Central ID: PMC4701839

Journal: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism

Publication Date: Jan. 1, 2016

MeSH Terms: Humans, Male, Female, Aged, Risk Factors, United States, Middle Aged, Smoking, Longitudinal Studies, Body Mass Index, Educational Status, Follow-Up Studies, Cholesterol, HDL, Diabetes Mellitus, Vitamin D, Atherosclerosis, Seasons, Black People, White People

Grants: HHSN268201100005C, HHSN268201100006C, HHSN268201100007C, HHSN268201100008C, HHSN268201100009C, HHSN268201100010C, HHSN268201100011C, HHSN268201100012C, R01 HL103706, R01HL103706, T32 HL007024, R01 NS072243, R01HL103706-S1, R01NS072243, R01 HL070825, T32HL007024, R01HL70825, HHSN268201100009I, HHSN268201100005G, HHSN268201100008I, HHSN268201100011I, HHSN268201100005I, HHSN268201100007I

Authors: Zhao D, Lutsey PL, Schneider AL, Mosley TH, Michos ED, McKibben RA, Guallar E

Cite As: McKibben RA, Zhao D, Lutsey PL, Schneider AL, Guallar E, Mosley TH, Michos ED. Factors Associated With Change in 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Levels Over Longitudinal Follow-Up in the ARIC Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2016 Jan;101(1):33-43. Epub 2015 Oct 28.

Studies:

Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC)

Abstract

CONTEXT: A single measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 [OH] D) may not accurately reflect long-term vitamin D status. Little is known about change in 25(OH)D levels over time, particularly among blacks. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to determine the longitudinal changes in 25(OH)D levels among Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study participants. DESIGN: This was a longitudinal study. SETTING: The study was conducted in the general community. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 9890 white and 3222 black participants at visit 2 (1990-1992), 888 whites and 876 blacks at visit 3 (1993-1994), and 472 blacks at the brain visit (2004-2006) participated in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The 25(OH)D levels were measured, and regression models were used to assess the associations between clinical factors and longitudinal changes in 25(OH)D. RESULTS: Vitamin D deficiency (<50 nmol/L [<20 ng/mL]) was seen in 23% and 25% of whites at visits 2 and 3, and in 61%, 70%, and 47% of blacks at visits 2, 3, and the brain visit, respectively. The 25(OH)D levels were correlated between visits 2 and 3 (3 y interval) among whites (r = 0.73) and blacks (r = 0.66). Among blacks, the correlation between visit 2 and the brain visit (14 y interval) was 0.33. Overall, increases in 25(OH)D levels over time was associated with male gender, use of vitamin D supplements, greater physical activity, and higher high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (P < .001). Decreases in 25(OH)D levels over time were associated with current smoking, higher body mass index, higher education, diabetes, and hypertension (all P < .05). CONCLUSIONS: Among US blacks and whites, 25(OH)D levels remained relatively stable over time. Certain modifiable lifestyle factors were associated with change in 25(OH)D levels over time.