Living with a Smoker and Multiple Health-Risk Behaviors.
Pubmed ID: 32814951
Pubmed Central ID: PMC8025078
Journal: Annals of behavioral medicine : a publication of the Society of Behavioral Medicine
Publication Date: April 7, 2021
MeSH Terms: Humans, Female, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Middle Aged, Longitudinal Studies, Diet, Prospective Studies, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, Cross-Sectional Studies, Women's Health, Exercise, Health Risk Behaviors, Tobacco Smoking
Grants: R03 CA215947
Authors: Holahan CK, Holahan CJ, Powers DA, Lim S
Cite As: Holahan CJ, Holahan CK, Lim S, Powers DA. Living with a Smoker and Multiple Health-Risk Behaviors. Ann Behav Med 2021 Apr 7;55(4):287-297.
Studies:
- Women's Health Initiative Study (WHI-OS)
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Behavioral medicine is showing growing theoretical and applied interest in multiple health-risk behaviors. Compared to engaging in a single health-risk behavior, multiple health-risk behaviors are linked to increased morbidity and mortality. A contextual determinant of multiple risk behaviors may be living with a smoker. PURPOSE: This study investigated the role of living with a smoker in predicting multiple health-risk behaviors compared to a single health-risk behavior, as well as whether these multiple risk behaviors occur across both physical activity and dietary domains. Moreover, the study tested these effects across 3 years in longitudinal and prospective (controlling for health-risk behaviors at baseline) analyses. METHODS: Participants were 82,644 women (age M = 63.5, standard deviation = 7.36, age range = 49-81) from the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study. Analyses used multinomial and binary logistic regression. RESULTS: Living with a smoker was more strongly associated with multiple health-risk behaviors than with a single health-risk behavior. These multiple risk behaviors occurred across both physical activity and dietary domains. The effects persisted across 3 years in longitudinal and prospective analyses. Living with a smoker, compared to not living with a smoker, increased the odds of multiple health-risk behaviors 82% cross-sectionally and, across 3 years, 94% longitudinally and 57% prospectively. CONCLUSIONS: These findings integrate research on multiple health-risk behaviors and on living with a smoker and underscore an unrecognized public health risk of tobacco smoking. These results are relevant to household-level interventions integrating smoking-prevention and obesity-prevention efforts.